투르크메니스탄의 최근 언어 상황 연구

초록

Turkmenistan, the only permanently neutralized state in Central Asia and with a closed political system, has succeeded in de-Soviet and de-Russian the Post-Soviet Area, and the situation of Russian language is the most vulnerable throughout the Post-Soviet Area. 30 years after independence, the proportion of population who speak Russian freely as their mother tongue or second language has decreased to less than 10%, and the majority of residents do not speak Russian at all or have difficulty communicating. The Turkmen ethnic identity revival policy, which began in 1989, just before independence, came into effect when the first president, Niyazov, along with a one-man dictatorship, idolatry, and the Declaration of a permanently neutralized state, implemented policies that excluded Russians and Russian. Gurbanguly Verdymukhamedov, who became president after Niyazov’s death in 2006, showed a more flexible attitude toward Russia and the Russian language, but he also dictatorship. His son, Serdar Verdymuhamedov, who was inaugurated as president in March 2022, is more flexible about Russian and Russian language as he studies and speaks Russian, which is illustrated by the expansion of Russian language schools and classes at home, the expansion of university students studying in Russia, the expansion of Russian culture and exchanges, and the president’s own visit to Russia, especially his russian speech. Although Turkmenistan’s geopolitical and economic difficulties contribute to its access to Russia and the unofficial and official recognition of its status and use, it is clear that a favorable situation is being created for the Russian language. However, it is clear that in Turkmenistan, Russian language cannot find its past glory, and that the preservation of the role of inter-ethnic communicative language in the international language and post-Soviet Area of the Russian language now depends on the efforts of the Russian Federation and Russians.

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