생애주기별 1인 가구의 사회적 고립 양상과 주관적 안녕: 외로움과 시간구조를 중심으로

초록

This study identifies typologies of social isolation among single-person households across the life course and examines differences in subjective well-being and associated factors. Using data from 1,531 single-person households in the 2023 Korean Happiness Survey, K-means cluster analysis identifies four patterns of social isolation based on loneliness, time spent alone, and voluntary social interaction: low loneliness with solitary time, coexistence of solitary time, social interaction, and high loneliness, low social interaction with high loneliness, and low loneliness with active social interaction. The distribution of these patterns differs significantly across age groups. The low loneliness with active social interaction type reports the highest happiness and life satisfaction and the lowest depression, whereas the low social interaction with high loneliness type shows the highest depression. Multinomial logistic regression indicates that health status and gender are significantly associated with social isolation patterns. The findings suggest that social isolation among single-person households is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by loneliness, solitary time, and voluntary social interaction rather than simply living alone. The study highlights the need for life course- and type-specific policy interventions to address social isolation.

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