Sustainable flame-retardant composite coating for wood using biochar, kaolin, polyvinyl acetate, and trimethylsilyl polyphosphate

초록

Wood is a sustainable construction material, but its high flammability limits safe use. In this study, a novel flame-retardant composite coating was developed using polyvinyl acetate (15 wt%) combined with biochar (0.5 wt%), kaolin (2 wt%), and trimethylsilyl polyphosphate (3 wt%) in methanol. The composite was prepared by solution blending and applied via single-layer drop-casting (similar to 0.6 mm thickness) onto the wood surface. Comprehensive characterization employing ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, TGA/DTG/DSC, cone calorimetry, and optical/3D surface analysis validated uniform filler dispersion, chemical interactions, and enhanced thermal stability (similar to 26% char yield at 800 degrees C). Cone calorimeter tests revealed significant enhancements, including decreased total heat release (48.77 vs. 63.56 MJ/m(2)), average heat release rate (80.82 vs. 100.65 kW/m(2)), and mass loss rate (6.558 vs. 7.781 g/s & centerdot;m(2)) compared to the uncoated sample. Furthermore, reduced smoke volume rates and surface temperatures demonstrated improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression. This composite coating provides a halogen-free, sustainable solution to enhance the fire safety of wood for construction and interior applications.

키워드