식물공장에서 LED 광 세기와 에틸렌 처리에 의한 콩잎의 1차(지방산과 아미노산) 및 2차(이소플라본) 대사체 생성에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구는 콩잎의 잠재적 활용 가치를 증대시키기 위해 식물공장재배시스템과 식물호르몬인 에틸렌(Ethylene, ETL)을 적용하여이소플라본 강화 콩잎(Isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves, IESL) 의 생산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 콩은 서로다른 광합성 광자속 밀도(Photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) 조건(Low, 100 μmol · m–2 · s–1; High, 190 μmol · m–2 · s–1) 에서 재배한 후, 에틸렌을 처리하여 영양성분, 생리활성물질 및대사체 변화를 분석하였다. 재배조건은 PPFD 차이와 에틸렌 처리 유무에 따라 각각 Low-대조구(Control, CTL), Low-ETL, High-CTL, High-ETL로 구분하였다. 분석결과 γ-aminobutyric acid 함량은 각각 177.61, 145.88, 212.83, and 207.92 mg/100 g 이었으며, 총 isoflavone 함량은 2239.93, 4745.33, 2279.57, and 7654.11 μg/g으로 나타났다. 특히 γ-aminobutyric acid 함량은 높은 PPFD 조건에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 총 isoflavone 함량은높은 PPFD 조건에서 에틸렌을 처리하였을 때 가장 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 항산화 활성(DPPH 74.95%, ABTS 94.47%)과 효소저해 활성(α-glucosidase 30.13%, pancreatic lipase 19.44%)이High-ETL 조건에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 PPFD와에틸렌 처리가 콩잎의 기능성 성분 축적에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여주며, IESL 생산을 위한 최적화 전략 수립에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to provide fundamental data for the production of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves by applying a plant factory cultivation system and the plant hormone ethylene (ETL), thereby enhancing the potential utilization value of soybean leaves. Soybeans were cultivated under different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) conditions (Low, 100 μmol · m–2 · s–1; High, 190 μmol · m–2 · s–1) and subsequently treated with ethylene to analyze changes in nutritional components, bioactive compounds, and metabolites. The cultivation conditions were classified into four groups, Low control (CTL), Low-ETL, High-CTL, and High-ETL, according to differences in PPFD and the presence or absence of ETL treatment. The analysis showed that γ-aminobutyric acid contents were 177.61, 145.88, 212.83, and 207.92 mg/100 g, while the total isoflavone contents were 2,239.93, 4,745.33, 2,279.57, and 7,654.11 μg/g, respectively. Notably, γ-aminobutyric acid content was highest under high PPFD conditions, and total isoflavone content showed the greatest increase when ethylene was applied under high PPFD. In addition, antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrydrazyl 74.95%, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) 94.47%) and enzyme inhibitory activities (α-glucosidase 30.13%, pancreatic lipase 19.44%) were most pronounced in the High-ETL condition. These results demonstrate that PPFD and ethylene treatment significantly influence the accumulation of functional compounds in soybean leaves, providing a basis for developing optimal strategies for IESL production.