특허 포트폴리오 분석을 통한 국가별 우주산업 기술 동향 비교

Abstract

This study explores national competitiveness and investment priorities in the space technology sector by analyzing patent portfolio trends across major countries. Using a large language model (LLM), more than 27,000 patent abstracts were classified into detailed technology categories based on NASA’s space technology taxonomy. For each category, indices of technology importance and attractiveness were computed, and national positions were visualized using a portfolio matrix adapted from Ernst’s strategic framework. The results showed that while the United States maintains a dominant position, China and Korea have made notable gains through targeted investments. This research demonstrates the utility of LLM-based patent classification for high-resolution technology mapping and offers strategic insights for national R&D policy in the evolving space economy.