포스트소비에트 공간에서의 러시아인 디아스포라와 러시아어의 상황연구

Abstract

Conservation of Russian Diaspora, Russian language, and Russian culture, and, in the worst case, maintaining the status quo, were one of the main reasons for the conflict in newly independent countries during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Conflicts between the nation and the language base contributed to Moldova's declaration of independence, the establishment of the Gagauzia Autonomous Organization, and Ukraine's Republic of Crimea and the annexation of the Russian Federation, and the founding of the Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russians participated in an organized ethnic minority against the central government of a new independent country, which was a common phenomenon characterizing the behavior of Russians, but during this struggle, Russian diaspora in the disputed region suffered severely economically. Currently, Pridnestrov’e, Donetsk, and Lugansk People’s Republics are recognized by the Russian Federation but not internationally recognized, and in fact, in addition to Russians, they share difficulties and disapproval of existence with native Russian-speaking residents. First, Kazakhstan in Central Asia maintains its status by defining Russian as an official language as the most Russianized federal republic during the Soviet Union, but gradually the Russian diaspora is reduced, the Russian language is reduced, and the Cyrillic Alphabet is in the process of converting to Latin. Moldova, the Soviet Union's only Roman-speaking federal republic, was the first region to experience language-based disputes, with a large number of Russians living there, but in 1992, a dispute caused the Pridnestr Moldova Republic to declare independence from Moldova to protect Russian-speaking rights, and it is now a de facto independent country. Although one-third of the people of the republic are Russian and Russian is one of the three official languages, along with Moldovan and Ukrainian, Russian is actually the language of the country. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the status of Russian has declined, the use of Russian in various areas of life is being minimized and excluded, but in northern Kazakhstan and Pridnestrov’e in Moldova, where Russians have lived for a long time or where there are many Russian diaspora who have opposed the language policies of indigenous peoples, Russian is again becoming one of the official languages or strengthening in education. However, Russia's Special Military Operation in February 2022 is certain to have a negative impact on the Russian diaspora and the Russian language.