Power characteristics of a classical Wimshurst machine

Abstract

This study examines the discharge characteristics and power response of a Wimshurst machine. Two discharge regimes exist: a linear region with increasing voltage and period, and a saturation region with delayed discharges and voltage limits. The transition stems from changes in electric field distribution of the spherical air-spark gap. The peak discharge power shifted with the needle-to-plate gap, highlighting the balance between charge collection and dissipation. These results provide a quantitative basis for understanding electrostatic discharge and optimizing air gap conditions in electrostatic energy harvesting systems.