고려 현종-문종대 女眞 교섭의 추이와 인식 변화

Abstract

Examined in this article are the negotiations the Goryeo government conducted with the Jurchen tribes, since the reign of King Hyeonjong and through the reign of King Munjong, as well as certain changes in the Goryeo people’s general view of the Jurchens that surfaced in the process. If we examine all the relevant records from this era, we can find from particular periods a certain increase in number of negotiations held with the Jurchens. It seems like a result of the Goryeo government’s intention to force the Jurchens to remain as Goryeo’s ally, out of a necessity and also in response to several situations unfolding in the north, such as the war with the Khitans, revolts of the Heung’yo-guk(興遼國) state, and Goryeo’s own construction of a very long defensive fortress. Then, in times during which Goryeo was able to maintain peace and amity with the Khitans, the number of negotiations conducted with the Jurchens would begin to decrease. Interestingly, in such process the Goryeo people’s perception of the Jurchens seemingly changed a bit. The Jurchens were no longer considered merely collectively as the ‘Jurchens,’ and negotiations were conducted separately with both the Eastern Jurchens[東女眞] and the Western Jurchens[西女眞], as the northern region of Goryeo was being restructured into the Eastern realm[東界] & Northern realm[北界], and subsequently it became necessary for the Goryeo government to differentiate tribes in the East from tribes in the West(in this case the Northwest). Later, these two groups of Jurchens came to be called as the “Eastern Fence”(東蕃) and the “Western Fence”(西蕃) respectively, as Goryeo’s souring relationship with the Khitans made it difficult for Goryeo to maintain its own authority by continuing its traditional relationship with China, which had been manifested through the act of paying respects to it. So, Goryeo had to take a different approach, by having itself appear as the one receiving respects from the supposedly inferior Jurchens. However, as the diplomatic relationship with the Khitans began to improve once again, negotiations with the Jurchens decreased as well, whereas the previous policy stance of the Goryeo government remained intact, later resulting in the formation of the Gimi-ju regions in the north.