Cutting-Edge Solutions for Soil and Sediment Remediation in Shipyard Environments

Abstract

Shipyards are significant industrial sources of environmental pollution, releasing substantial amounts of heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and organic solvents into soil and groundwater during shipbuilding and maintenance operations. Such contamination not only affects the shipyard premises but also poses serious environmental threats to nearby communities, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of the shipbuilding industry. Given the increasing global emphasis on sustainable industrial practices, addressing shipyard-related pollution has become a critical environmental challenge. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pollution issues associated with shipyards and explore effective remediation strategies. It focuses on contamination in both soil and groundwater, and covers pollution generated throughout the shipbuilding and maintenance lifecycle. First, it examines previous studies to identify the major contaminants and pollution sources typically found at shipyard sites. Next, the paper reviews recent advances in soil and groundwater remediation technologies, including physical, chemical, and biological methods tailored to the unique challenges of shipyard environments. Finally, the review discusses current limitations in remediation practices and outlines potential directions for future research and technological development.