Control of anti-/de-icing behavior and surface stability of MWCNT/polyurethane nanocomposite coating

Abstract

Aircraft icing can cause functional failures and lead to severe accidents, emphasizing the need for more efficient and durable anti-icing and de-icing solutions. In this study, a multifunctional MWCNT/polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite coating is developed, exhibiting enhanced hydrophobicity and electrical conductivity. By controlling the coating process, MWCNT are embedded either at the surface or within the bulk of the PU layer, significantly influencing surface properties. The water contact angle increases to 120°, reducing adhesion with water and ice, and delaying icing from 198 s (neat PU) to 598 s. Electrothermal de-icing is achieved within 50 s through the combined effects of hydrophobicity and conductivity. Furthermore, MWCNT incorporation increases natural frequency of coating by 25 %, improving resistance to external vibrations. The entanglement of MWCNT networks also enhances surface durability under repeated de-icing cycles. These combined improvements in anti-/de-icing performance, mechanical stability, and durability position the MWCNT/PU nanocomposite coating as a promising candidate for aerospace composite structures. © 2025