Novel Extraluminal silicone tracheal stent: Development and evaluation in a rabbit model of tracheomalacia

Abstract

Tracheal collapse (TC), defined by excessive tracheal collapsibility, often results in severe respiratory distress in small-breed dogs. Surgical intervention, including the placement of extraluminal stents, has been employed as a treatment option. Owing to the anatomical and physiological similarities between rabbit and canine tracheas, a rabbit model was utilized to develop a novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent and evaluate its feasibility in treating tracheomalacia. The stent was surgically implanted in eight New Zealand White rabbits after the induction of tracheomalacia. Postoperative evaluations, including clinical assessment, radiography, computed tomography (CT), and histological analysis, were performed at 1, 2, and 6 months post-implantation. All rabbits in the stent group survived without exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, whereas all rabbits in the tracheomalacia group experienced respiratory distress, with one succumbing to respiratory failure. Radiographic and CT evaluations confirmed that the stent effectively maintained airway patency, with tracheal measurements not significantly different from the preoperative values, indicating successful restoration of tracheal diameter. Histological analysis demonstrated minimal inflammatory response, the absence of fibrosis, and preserved structural integrity of the tracheal cartilage. Therefore, the novel extraluminal silicone tracheal stent provides effective airway support while minimizing adverse tissue reactions. Further studies, including the use of this stent in a canine TC model and assessment of its long-term outcomes, are warranted to explore its potential clinical applications in veterinary medicine.