Multiple autoimmune syndrome in a dog presented with hematologic disease: a rare case report

Abstract

Multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) refers to the occurrence of 3 or more autoimmune diseases in a patient. This case describes a 12-year-old neutered male Shih Tzu with fever and neutropenia, previously diagnosed with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and inflammatory bowel disease. Blood tests revealed leukopenia and neutropenia, and immune-mediated neutropenia was suspected after ruling out other causes of neutropenia. The dog showed no response to antibiotics, but treatment with prednisolone (2 mg/kg every 24 hours) led to improvement. This case highlights the potential for MASs to occur in dogs and underscores the importance of their recognition in the diagnosis and management of immune-mediated diseases. © 2025 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science.