고려-조선초기 ‘향부곡(鄕部曲)’·‘향소부곡(鄕所部曲)’ 범주의 형성 배경과 의미

Abstract

This study examines the historical background and meaning of Goryeo dynasty’s Hyang(鄕) and Bugok(部曲) with heterogeneous origins forming a category called ‘Hyang-Bugok(鄕部曲)’ and then expanding the category to ‘Hyang-So-Bugok(鄕所部曲)’. Hyang(鄕) and Bugok(部曲) had a heterogeneous origin in that Hyang(鄕) was organized as a small regional unit during Silla dynasty, and also Bugok(部曲) was formed by collectively settling the military power that were under the leadership of lord of castles in the early period of Goryeo dynasty. However, they occupied a similar position in local administration and formed a category that was referred to as ‘Hyang-Bugok(鄕部曲)’ and represented special units. Accordingly, sometimes ‘Hyang-Bugok(鄕部曲)’ included other units such as ‘So(所)’, ‘Jang(莊)’, ‘Cheo(處)’, ‘Jin(津)’, ‘Yeok(驛), and etc’. And the unique attributes of Hyang(鄕) and Bugok(部曲) were compre- hensively applied to other units. It was the result that the installation conditions of Bugok(部曲) were regard as the same as Hyang(鄕) and that Hyang(鄕) was recognized as a unit of discrimination in the same way as Bugok(部曲). Since the late period of Goryeo dynasty, the unique functions of special units were resolved due to changes in the local systems and the difference betwwen them were also diluted. Accordingly, So(所) and atc which had different patterns of existence, were recognized as the same units as ‘Hyang-Bugok(鄕部曲)’, forming the category called ‘Hyang-So-Bugok(鄕所部曲)’. They contained the nature of being units that were merged into the county in the reorganization of the local system during the early period of Joseon Dynasty.