Composition design and performance analysis of binary and ternary Mg-Zn-Ti alloys for biomedical implants

Abstract

Magnesium-based implants are highly valued in the biomedical field for biocompatibility and biodegradability, though their inherent low strength in body fluids is a limitation. This study addresses this by alloying magnesium with zinc and titanium to enhance its properties. Mechanical alloying was used to synthesize binary (Mg-Zn, Mg-Ti) and ternary (Mg-Zn-Ti) alloys, which were then compacted and sintered. The alloy powders, composed of 10 wt% Zn and 5 wt% Ti, were milled at 360 rpm for 10 h. Microstructural analysis revealed uniformly dispersed particles, with SEM confirming spherical and fine particles alongside laminates. XRD identified intermetallic compound formation. The ternary alloy demonstrated superior micro-hardness and Young's modulus similar to human bone, making it particularly promising for biomedical applications. Incorporating zinc and titanium into the magnesium matrix resulted in a ternary alloy that outperformed its binary counterparts.