Research Progress in Lubrication and Reliability Strategies for Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Abstract

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are innovative devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through contact/triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. As an alternative renewable energy technology, TENGs are used to reduce reliance on traditional non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels. Their increasing prominence is attributed to their cost-effectiveness, high efficiency, and eco-friendliness, particularly in response to the growing demand for flexible and sustainable energy solutions in sectors such as the Internet of Things (IoT), wearable devices, self-powered sensors, robotics, and artificial intelligence. However, the long-term practical application of TENGs depends on the robustness and durability of the triboelectric materials used. Mechanical influences and harsh environmental conditions can compromise the durability of TENGs. Issues related to wear and durability, stemming from surface friction, present significant challenges for the practical use of TENGs, as these devices are made from triboelectric materials that undergo wear due to mechanical abrasion and chemical degradation. This study offers a concise overview of the wear and durability challenges encountered during TENG testing. It examines the durability, wear, and electrical performance of TENGs over extended testing periods and discusses numerous approaches used to increase their wear resistance and durability. Finally, the study highlights the challenges and key approaches necessary for the advancement of highly durable TENGs.