농업종사자의 직업적 유해인자와 건강 영향: 기전 중심의 고찰*

Abstract

= Abstract = Objectives: This study aims to systematically review the health impacts and mechanisms of exposure to hazardous factors among agricultural workers to contribute to the development of strategies for health protection and preventive management for agricultural workers. Methods: We analyzed chemical, physical, musculoskeletal, biological, and psychosocial hazards, focusing on their associated health impacts and mechanisms based on previous literature. Results: Chemical hazards, such as pesticides and fertilizers, can cause chronic diseases, poisoning, and respiratory issues. Physical hazards, including noise, vibration, and sunlight exposure, may result in hearing loss, musculoskeletal strain, and skin disorders. Musculoskeletal hazards from repetitive movements and lifting heavy load, and awkward posture can lead to back pain, osteoarthritis, and tendon disorders. Biological hazards, such as bioaerosols and zoonotic pathogens, increase the risk of respiratory diseases and infectious conditions. Psychosocial hazards, including financial stress, social isolation, and extreme weather, contribute to mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular diseases. In agricultural environments with a high proportion of older workers with pre-existing conditions, these risks are further elevated. Conclusions: Understanding the mechanisms of health risks will enhance awareness of the importance of wearing protective equipment and following safety protocols, promoting behavioral changes and improving occupational health in agriculture.