Comparison of acid-base disorders in cats using traditional, Stewart, and Fencl-Stewart methods

Abstract

This study investigates acid-base disorders in cats using traditional, Stewart, and Fencl-Stewart methods. Analyzing data from 69 sick and 18 healthy cats between 2018 and 2020, it aims to evaluate the frequency and nature of these imbalances across various diseases. Significant differences in acid-base parameters were observed in cats with different health conditions. Hepatobiliary diseases showed notable changes in pH, chloride, base excess, bicarbonate, and other parameters. Urinary diseases affected pH, base excess, and bicarbonate levels, while gastrointestinal diseases impacted pH, base excess, bicarbonate, and potassium, among others. Cancer and respiratory diseases mainly influenced pH and strong ion differences. No significant differences were seen in cardiovascular and neurologic diseases. The study also examines the prevalence of acidosis and alkalosis, finding acidosis common across many conditions, with variations in anion gap and lactate levels. These findings underscore the effectiveness of diverse analytical methods in detecting acid-base imbalances in cats, providing insights into underlying causes and guiding treatment strategies for small animals.