Oral Health Differences Between Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Korea

Abstract

Introduction and aims: The oral health characteristics of middle-aged and older adults exhibit variations. This study identifies the various factors associated with oral health among middle-aged and older adults through a subgroup analysis by age group of data representative of the South Korean population. Methods: We examined influencing factors: demographic, socioeconomic, dental, physical attributes, psychological, and mental attributes. Oral health was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. The participants were divided into two groups: those under 65 years of age (middle-aged) and those over 65 years of age (older adults). We used multiple linear regression analysis and dominance analysis to determine the dominant factors associated with oral health. Results: A total of 6369 participants were aged 69.2 ± 9.8 years on average, and 57.5% were women. Dominance analysis revealed that lower educational levels and activity difficulty caused by diseases were significantly associated with both groups. Moreover, depressive symptoms were the foremost adverse factor linked to oral health in the middle-aged (P < .001, standardized beta [β] = –4.30, general dominance index [GDI] = 19.00) and older (P < .001, β = –0.30, GDI = 10.70) adults. The number of teeth exhibited the most positive association with oral health in both middle-aged (P < .001, β = 0.20, GDI = 5.30) and older (P < .001, β = 0.23, GDI = 7.40) adults. However, cognitive function, dental visits, body mass index, severe pain, functional limitations, and cognitive function exhibited distinct patterns between the age groups. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms and the number of teeth significantly influence oral health in middle-aged and older adults, though the impact varies by age. These findings stress the importance of tailored strategies considering age-specific attributes for effective oral health improvement. Clinical relevance: Enhancing oral health requires healthcare providers to prioritize monitoring age-specific risk factors. Further, educational plans should highlight the importance of preventive oral care and regular dental visits. © 2024 The Authors