Comparative Analysis of Policosanols Related to Growth Times from the Seedlings of Various Korean Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) Cultivars and Screening for Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the policosanol profiles and adenosine-5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) properties in the seedlings of Korean oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars at different growth times. Nine policosanols in the silylated hexane extracts were detected using GC-MS and their contents showed considerable differences; specifically, hexacosanol (6) exhibited the highest composition, constituting 88-91% of the total average content. Moreover, the average hexacosanol (6) contents showed remarkable variations of 337.8 (5 days) -> 416.8 (7 days) -> 458.9 (9 days) -> 490.0 (11 days) -> 479.2 (13 days) -> 427.0 mg/100 g (15 days). The seedlings collected at 11 days showed the highest average policosanol content (541.7 mg/100 g), with the lowest content being 383.4 mg/100 g after 5 days. Interestingly, policosanols from oat seedlings grown for 11 days induced the most prevalent phenotype of AMPK activation in HepG2 cells, indicating that policosanols are an excellent AMPK activator.