Plant Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites: Microbiome Research in Plants and Soil

Abstract

Bacillus-based effective microbial organisms (EMOs) have been utilized against different phytopathogens during the past decade through induced systemic resistance (ISR). Depending on how various pathogens interact, EMOs activate several ISR signaling pathways. They are antagonistic toward pathogens based on pathogen contacts and significant initiators of several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and hormones in the plant defense system. Based on pathogen cross-talks, we focused on how salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) were affected by interactions between plant-beneficial microbes, microbe-phytopathogens, and plant-phytopathogens in monocot and dicot plants. Additionally, the useful microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) derived from Bacillus species are effectors to plant diseases, which colonize the rhizosphere and produce prime induction in the plant to keep quiet and trade off the loss of energy. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.