Electric double layer in ionic liquids: A result of interplay between coupling effects and phase demixing

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are appealing electrolytes for their favorable physicochemical properties. However, despite their longstanding use, understanding the capacitive behavior of ILs remains challenging. This is largely due to the formation of a nonconventional electric double layer (EDL) at the electrode-electrolyte interface. This study shows that the short-range Yukawa interactions, representing the large anisotropically charged ILs, demix IL to create a spontaneous surface charge separation, which is reinforced by the strongly coupled charge interaction. The properties of the condensed layer, the onset of charge separation, and the rise of overscreening and crowding critically depend on the asymmetry of Yukawa interactions. © 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.