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Developing and Validating the Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation (SmiLE) Scale
- Issue Date
- Apr-2024
- Publisher
- Haworth Social Work Practice Press
- Keywords
- Meaning in life; measurement; scale validation
- Citation
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, v.67, no.3, pp 369 - 385
- Pages
- 17
- Indexed
- SSCI
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work
- Volume
- 67
- Number
- 3
- Start Page
- 369
- End Page
- 385
- ISSN
- 0163-4372
1540-4048
- Abstract
- The Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation scale encompasses not only older adults' personal motivation and growth but also the meaning for them in society and in their relationships: With this scale, we aimed to present their voices. A three-phase process was followed: The scale's items were developed empirically from interviews of older adults; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to test convergent and concurrent validity; and finally, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. EFA resulted in 18 items grouped into 4 factors (i.e., proactive on life, overcoming emptiness, acceptance in life, and social contribution), which was supported by the CFA.
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