Effects of Scrambler Therapy in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndromes and Factors Associated with Depression Affecting Pain before and after the Therapy

Abstract

Objectives. To report the effects of scrambler therapy in patients diagnosed with failed back surgery syndromes and to analyze the factors affecting pain before and after the therapy.Methods. This study included 26 patients (12 males and 14 females). The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) before and after scrambler therapy, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score before therapy, and residual pain after therapy were assessed. The changes in the ODI, BPI, and residual pain before and after the therapy were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman correlation analysis and Fisher's exact test were used to confirm the correlation between BDI and other factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify independent factors predicting residual pain, posttherapy ODI, and posttherapy BPI.Results. The ODI changed from 25.69 +/- 7.98 to 21.80 +/- 9.41 (p<0.05), and the BPI changed from 68.96 +/- 18.00 to 61.62 +/- 20.27 after scrambler therapy (p<0.05). In addition, residual pain changed from 100 to 76.15 (p<0.05). The BDI was negatively correlated with the duration of scrambler therapy and positively correlated with the initial OPD and BPI. In multiple regression analysis, residual pain was significantly correlated with the BDI (p<0.05).Conclusion. Scrambler therapy can be used to change the total scores of the ODI and BPI after 5 sessions of treatment. Also, residual pain was significantly related to the BDI. Clinical significance of depression severity on pain should be further investigated via prospective studies.