Wnt/beta-catenin Pathway-Mediated PPAR delta Expression during Embryonic Development Differentiation and Disease

Abstract

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in early embryonic development. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is a major regulator of cell proliferation and keeps embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the pluripotent state. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling in the early developmental stages causes several hereditary diseases that lead to embryonic abnormalities. Several other signaling molecules are directly or indirectly activated in response to Wnt/beta-catenin stimulation. The crosstalk of these signaling factors either synergizes or opposes the transcriptional activation of beta-catenin/Tcf4-mediated target gene expression. Recently, the crosstalk between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR delta), which belongs to the steroid superfamily, and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has been reported to take place during several aspects of embryonic development. However, numerous questions need to be answered regarding the function and regulation of PPAR delta in coordination with the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Here, we have summarized the functional activation of the PPAR delta in co-ordination with the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway during the regulation of several aspects of embryonic development, stem cell regulation and maintenance, as well as during the progression of several metabolic disorders.