체츠냐의 민족-언어상황 연구

Abstract

Among the nine federal subjects of the North Caucasus, the special region with the greatest ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity of the Russian Federation, the Chechen Republic, or Cheznya, is more special. Chechen language, the native language of the Chechens, is now one of the two state languages of the Republic of Chechen and one of the 14 state languages of Dagestan. The Chechens were forced to move to the Kazakh soviet republic and Central Asia by Stalin in 1944, along with the Ingushes, Kalmyks, Karachays, Balkars and Crimean Tatars, and were deprived of national organization and language for 13 years until they returned to their original region in 1957, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, suffered bloody disputes immediately during the process of independence from the Russian Federation and eventually failed to become independent and remain within the Russian Federation. The absolute majority (95%) of the inhabitants of the Chechen Republic are indigenous Chechens, whose numbers and proportions are very high although the Stalin’s forced migraton policy also distributes Russians, Kumyks, Avars, Nogais and Ingushes. The situation of ethnic-language in Chechen Republic is different from other ethnic republics in North Caucasus, but the adoption of the Law on education of Russian Federation on July 25, 2018, which set the voluntary learning of ethnic languages is expected to strengthen the status of Russian and expand the use area, while the status of Chechen and the use area are expected to be reduced. Although the population and its proportion of the Chechens' absolute majority in the Chechen Republic may slow the decline or extinction of indigenous mother tongues compared to other ethnic republics, but it can seriously make the crisis of Chechen language due to the policies of the Russians and the Russian Federation that move toward the Russian superiority. This study tried to analyze the current situation of the Chechnya through as much data as possible, but it was almost impossible to access the latest data, although it was not the intention of the Russian federal government. More detailed research on language situations requires continuous efforts.