Impact of high-risk of obstructive sleep apnea on chronic cough: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Background Chronic cough is an extremely common clinical symptom of various diseases. However, the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic cough in the general population has not been sufficiently studied. Methods Using the 2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we identified a group at high-risk of OSA via the STOP-Bang questionnaire and determined the association between OSA and chronic cough by a regression model. Results Of the eligible 4,217 participants, 97.1% and 2.9% were classified into the non-chronic cough and chronic cough groups, respectively. The chronic cough group had higher STOP-Bang scores than those of the group without chronic cough (2.32 +/- 1.38 vs. 2.80 +/- 1.39; P < 0.001). In the group at high-risk of OSA, 40.4% and 52.0% of participants scored >= 3 in STOP-Bang, depending on the absence or presence of chronic cough (P = 0.012), respectively. Chronic cough independently correlated with impaired lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second >= 50-<80% predicted value, P = 0.001; <50, P < 0.001), low household income (P = 0.015), and a group at high-risk of OSA (STOP-Bang score 3-4, P = 0.004; 5-8, P < 0.001). Obesity I had a protective role against the occurrence of chronic cough (P = 0.023). Conclusion A high-risk for OSA is a significant risk factor for chronic cough. OSA should be considered when evaluating chronic cough patients.