Multimodal Displays for Takeover Requests

Abstract

In an automated vehicle, drivers or occupants may receive a takeover request (TOR) from the automated system, which would require them to respond in a safe and timely manner to take control of the vehicle. Because drivers are likely to engage in non-driving activities in an automated vehicle, it can be challenging for them to respond safely to a TOR with appropriate situation awareness. In particular, an improper or delayed reaction may have dangerous consequences. This chapter discusses multimodal display methods for TORs in automated vehicles. It also presents theoretical foundations of multimodal display research, designs of commercially available multimodal displays, and a discussion of selected research studies in the field of automotive multimodal displays. Challenges and considerations related to TORs from a multimodal display research perspective are described. We hope that this chapter will lead to the design of safer user interfaces for automated vehicles and the development of clear safety guidelines. ? 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.