Combined Effects of Iranian Heavy Crude Oil and Bacterial Challenge (Streptococcus iniae) on Biotransformation and Innate Immune Responses in Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

Abstract

To clarify the effects of spilled crude oil on fish bacterial disease resistance, rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) were exposed to Iranian Heavy crude oil (IHCO) and Streptomyces iniae in combination. Hepatic biotransformation enzymes (ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase, glutathione-S-transferase) and plasma biochemical parameters (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glucose) in fish exposed to IHCO were not significantly different from those in unexposed fish. The level of biliary 1-OH-pyrene and cytochrome P4501A mRNA expression increased in a dose-dependent manner with IHCO exposure. The interferon stimulated gene 15, interleukin-1beta and cathepsin L were increased significantly in the liver in IHCO-exposed fish, but not dose-dependently, but the granulocyte colony stimulating factor was not related to IHCO exposure. The percentage mortality in fish following a single exposure to S. iniae was positively correlated with IHCO exposure concentration. We concluded that IHCO exposure exacerbates fish mortality following environmental bacterial infection.